I. Introduction: The Imperative of OptimizationHigh-power devices are now everywhere. These devices include AI chips, IGBT power modules, and electric vehicle (EV) battery systems. All of them generate a lot of concentrated heat. This high heat flux creates huge thermal challenges. Traditional cooli

The primary materials used in cold plates are aluminum, copper, and brass, with aluminum being the most common due to its balance of thermal conductivity, weight, and cost. Additionally, graphite and stainless steel are used in specific applications where their unique properties are advantageous.Pri